古城築橋失光環 世遺除名留餘地

27 June 2009

聯合國教科文組織世界文化遺產委員會第卅三屆會議，周一於西班牙塞維利亞開幕，委員會除審議各成員國提交的新遺產申請，還商議是否把「瀕危名單」中的世界遺產除名，可謂有人歡喜有人愁。有德國媒體就形容，周四是該國文物保護的黑色一天，蓋因委員會宣布將德累斯頓易北河谷從《世界遺產名錄》除名，成為名錄設立以來第二個落榜的景觀。



德累斯頓易北河谷長十八公里，以秀麗風光和古老建築聞名，二○○四年被列入《世界遺產名錄》。前年六月，易北河谷被列入世遺瀕危名單，原因是德累斯頓為緩和交通擠塞，在河谷內興建一座超過六百公尺長的橋樑，預計在二○一一年通車。

聯合國教科文組織認為，橋樑落成後會影響河谷整體景觀，建議以河底隧道取代橋樑，可是德累斯頓方面拒絕接納該建議，世遺當局其後向德國方面發出除名警告。

事實上，境內有自然和文化景觀頂着「世界遺產」的光環，可謂名利雙收的保證，除了國際形象得到提升，絡繹不絕的遊客亦帶來可觀外匯收入，給地方經濟帶來莫大裨益。世遺當局早在前年向德累斯頓發「黃牌警告」，但對方似乎無動於衷，一意孤行修築橋樑。莫說是修葺補貼再沒有着落，「除名效應」對德累斯頓旅遊業的打擊不容低估，難道市政府真的「嫌錢腥」？

阿曼把「阿拉伯羚羊保護區」面積縮小百分之九十，並計劃在那裏勘探油氣資源，世遺無法說服阿曼改變初衷，前年史無前例地將保護區除名。易北河谷的情況有點不同，市政府其實希望保住世界文化遺產的光環，奈何建橋方案得到當地大部分民眾支持。公投顯示，德累斯頓超過六成居民支持興建橋樑緩和交通擠塞，反對築橋者多次興訟，惟當地法院未敢逆選民的意。

有反對建橋者認為，民眾表決時未有意識到築橋工程隨時令易北河谷除名，但支持建橋者反駁，稱前後兩次公投均得出同樣結果，繼續進行工程才是民主表現，加上德國憲法法院亦認為，順應廣大民眾意願，比保護文化景觀來得更重要。德累斯頓市長被動應戰，極力游說世遺當局待橋樑落成後再作決定，惜事與願違。

德累斯頓易北河谷上榜短短五年便被除名，實非世遺當局希望見到的事情，畢竟動輒威脅除名迫使對方達標，多少予人霸道之感。

世遺當局表示，德國日後仍可提交與德累斯頓有關的新遺產申請，似乎不想德累斯頓落榜後自暴自棄忽略保育，將易北河谷除名的無奈決定，就更顯「愛之心責之切」了。 (Oriental Daily)

Dresden is deleted from UNESCO’s  World Heritage List

“Every time we fail to preserve a site, we share the pain of the State Party,” declared María Jesús San Segundo, the Ambassador and Permanent Delegate of Spain to UNESCO who is chairing the 33rd session of the World Heritage Committee presently underway in Seville on Thursday.

The World Heritage Committee decided to remove Germany’s Dresden Elbe Valley from UNESCO’s World Heritage List due to the building of a four-lane bridge in the heart of the cultural landscape which meant that the property failed to keep its “outstanding universal value as inscribed.”

Dresden was inscribed as a cultural landscape in 2004. The Committee said that Germany could present a new nomination relating to Dresden in the future. In doing so, the Committee recognized that parts of the site might be considered to be of outstanding universal value, but that it would have to be presented under different criteria and boundaries.
The 18th- and 19th-century cultural landscape of Dresden Elbe Valley stretches some 18 km along the river from Übigau Palace and Ostragehege fields in the north-west to the Pillnitz Palace and the Elbe River Island in the south-east. The property, which features low meadows, and is crowned by the Pillnitz Palace as well as numerous monuments and parks from the 16th to 20th centuries in the city of Dresden, was inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger in 2006 because of the planned Waldschlösschen Bridge.
Dresden is only the second property ever to have been removed from the World Heritage List. The Oman´s Arabian Oryx Sanctuary was delisted in 2007.
The 33rd session of the World Heritage Committee is meeting in Seville until 30 June. The Committee´s 21 members are reviewing the state of conservation of properties inscribed on UNESCO’s World Heritage List and nominations for new inscriptions of cultural and natural sites on the List.

(UNESCO Press)

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UNESCO真係對一個國家好重要. 好似捷克, 德國旅遊局都有出UNESCO名勝指南

依家呢頁冇用lu 維也納嘅舊城區成個都係UNESCO.市內嘅發展都受到限制

Brief Description

Vienna developed from early Celtic and Roman settlements into a Medieval and Baroque city, the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It played an essential role as a leading European music centre, from the great age of Viennese Classicism through the early part of the 20th century. The historic centre of Vienna is rich in architectural ensembles, including Baroque castles and gardens, as well as the late-19th-century Ringstrasse lined with grand buildings, monuments and parks.

Justification for Inscription

Criterion (ii): The urban and architectural qualities of the Historic Centre of Vienna bear outstanding witness to a continuing interchange of values throughout the second millennium.

Criterion (iv): Three key periods of European cultural and political development – the Middle Ages, the Baroque period, and the Gründerzeit – are exceptionally well illustrated by the urban and architectural heritage of the Historic Centre of Vienna.

Criterion (vi): Since the 16th century Vienna has been universally acknowledged to be the musical capital of Europe.